Galenika

Gallenic preparations are a group of medicines obtained from plant raw materials by extraction (extraction). Most often these are tinctures (alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic extracts) or extracts (condensed extracts). Also ready-made from plant materials are water extracts - infusions or decoctions, including infusions from several types of plant materials - collections, or teas. So, for example, cholagogue tea includes in certain proportions immortelle flowers, watch and mint leaves, coriander fruits. Certain electrical components of the system include additional healing effects. They are taken almost exclusively by mouth, which distinguishes them from novogalenic drugs.

The appearance is associated with the name of Claudius Galen.

Novohalene preparations (or neohalene preparations) are water-alcohol, alcohol-chloroform and other extraction medicinal products containing active substances specific to a given herbal medicinal raw material, and maximally freed (subjected to maximum purification) from all accompanying substances. Nowadays, they are more often referred to as total purified drugs.

Organopreparations are produced from biomolecules of animal embryos, their tissues and organs. These most common galenic preparations can be manufactured using two main technologies:

by static extraction;

by dynamic extraction.

In the first case, the raw material is periodically poured with an extractant. Then it is defended for some time.

Extraction, as a process, is notable for certain complexity, since includes dissolution, desorption, dialysis, diffusion and other processes. In contrast to the dissolution of a solid in a liquid, the extraction process is complicated by the presence of a cell membrane, which turns out to be the main obstacle to the penetration of the solvent into the cell and to the exit of extractive substances outside.

In general, there are a lot of factors influencing the extraction process:

- the molecular weight and, therefore, the size of the molecules of the extracted substances,

- charge of colloidal particles of cell protoplasm;

- temperature of the extraction process;

- the size of the crushed material;

- packing density;

- kind of extractant, its viscosity and hydrodynamic conditions;

- the duration of the process in time;

- the presence of air in the raw material;

- the presence of living protoplasm and much more.